The "core" consists of many different muscles that stabilize the spine and pelvis and run the entire length of the torso. These muscles stabilize the spine, pelvis and shoulder and provide a solid foundation for movement in the extremities. Core conditioning exercise programs need to target all these muscle groups to be effective. The muscles of the core make it possible to stand upright and move on two feet. These muscles help control movements, transfer energy, shift body weight and move in any direction. A strong core distributes the stresses of weight-bearing and protects the back.

What are the Core Muscles?

In general, the muscles of the core run the length of the trunk and torso; and when they contract they stabilize the spine, pelvis and shoulder girdle and create a solid base of support. We are then able to generate powerful movements of the extremities. The following list includes the most commonly identified core muscles as well as the lesser known groups. The goal of core stability is to maintain a solid, foundation and transfer energy from the center of the body out to the limbs. Muscles that accomplish this goal include:

Rectus Abdominis - located along the front of the abdomen, this is the most well-known abdominal muscle and is often referred to as the "six-pack" due to it's appearance in fit and thin individuals.

Multifidus - located under the erector spinae along the vertebral column, these muscles extend and rotate the spine the spine.

External Obliques - located on the side and front of the abdomen.

Internal Obliques - located under the external obliques, running in the opposite direction.

Transverse Abdominis (TVA) - located under the obliques, it is the deepest of the abdominal muscles (muscles of your waist) and wraps around your spine for protection and stability.

Erector Spinae - This group of three muscles runs along your neck to your lower back.

Hip Flexors - including the Iliopsoas, rectus femoris, tensor fascia lata - located in front of the pelvis and upper thigh.

Gluteus medius and minimus - located at the side of the hip

Gluteus maximus, hamstring group, piriformis - located in the back of the hip and upper thigh leg.

Hip adductors - located at medial thigh